Abstract
Hydrothermal processing of materials encompasses processes like synthesis, crystal growth, treatment, fabrication, alteration, hot pressing, recycling, sintering, etc., under hydrothermal conditions. This chapter discusses materials processing under hydrothermal conditions dealing with the preparation of ultrafine particles, ceramics, whiskers, composites, thin films, and reinforcement. The hydrothermal preparation of very fine powders is an excellent approach to ideal powders. The ideal powder should have the following parameters: fine powder less than 1μm; soft or no agglomeration; narrow particle size distribution; morphology sphere or equiaxed; chemical composition controllable; microstructure controllable; uniformity; free flowing; and process control etc. This chapter has been devoted to a rapid progress achieved in the hydrothermal technique to suit modern technological requirements. The technique is especially handy for the preparation of ceramics (PZT, alumina, zirconia, yttria, ceria, and several bioceramics), epitaxial growth of crystalline thin films, composites, and ultrafine particles with a desired shape
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