Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the electric arcs. Electric arcs are widely used for the study of atomic constants and parameters. Principally the strong radiation and the fact that most arc sources are in the regime of local thermal equilibrium have made them important research tools in quantitative spectroscopy, specifically for the study of transition probabilities, line broadening parameters, and continuum absorption coefficients. In the following, the properties of arcs and the analysis of arc plasmas is discussed from the viewpoint of applications in atomic physics. Thus a detailed description of the experimental methods for the determination of particle densities and temperatures in arc plasmas is presented, the question of local thermal equilibrium is examined, and the various applications in atomic physics are discussed. The chapter discusses the different types of arcs sources. Many methods are developed to determine temperatures and densities in arc sources. The most successful and consequently most widely applied techniques are the spectroscopic ones, which are based on the interpretation of line and continuum radiation. These methods are particularly attractive because they do not interfere with the arc discharge and they are readily applied due to the strong arc radiation.
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