Abstract
Trace metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, which can be fatal for all living beings due to its transfer from soil to wildlife and human health via the food chain. Efforts are made to fabricate portable sensors for monitoring trace metals in the environment. Nanomaterials incorporation into sensors leads to significant improvement in the performance of devices in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, multiplexed detection capability, and portability. This study presents a recent advance in optical, electrochemical, and field-effect transistor sensors for heavy metal detection. The optical sensors are focused on fluorescent, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface plasmon resonance devices. In addition, optofluidic devices which integrate optical components with microfluidic chips are also discussed.
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