Abstract
Mixed spinel–perovskite multiferroic (1 − x)BaTi0.5Mn0.5O3 + (x)Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe1.85Sm0.15O4 [(1 − x)BTMO + (x)NZFSO] ceramic composites with different concentrations, x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, have been prepared by the effective double sintering ceramic method. X-ray diffraction confirms the coexistence of the cubic spinel structure of the ferrimagnetic phase, Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe1.85Sm0.15O4 (NZFSO), and the tetragonal structure of the ferroelectric phase, BaTi0.5Mn0.5O3 (BTMO), in the composites. The theoretical density decreases while the bulk density increases with the substitution of ferrimagnetic NZFSO into ferroelectric BTMO. Scanning electron microscopy shows an increment in the grain size with ferrite doping. Increasing permeability with ferrite doping indicates the enhancement of magnetic properties of the composites. The Cole–Cole plot affirms the contribution of grains, grain boundaries, and electrodes to the resistive properties of the samples. The variation in polarization and magnetization is correlated with the ferrite content. The composite with x = 0.8 has a high saturation magnetization, Ms = 28.67 emu/g, and has a maximum remanent polarization, Pr = 258.123 µC/cm2.
Highlights
A large portion of recent technologies relies on both ferroelectricity and magnetism
Because scitation.org/journal/adv of their high efficiency, cost effectiveness, outstanding mechanical strength, remarkable springiness, easier fabrication, and potential to control the molar ratio of the phase, the composite multiferroics are more convenient than the single-phase materials
The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks are quite clear and matched with Miller indices according to JCPDS card no. 86-1570 for BTMO and JCPDS card no. 52-0277 for NZFSO.29
Summary
A large portion of recent technologies relies on both ferroelectricity and magnetism. Scitation.org/journal/adv of their high efficiency, cost effectiveness, outstanding mechanical strength, remarkable springiness, easier fabrication, and potential to control the molar ratio of the phase, the composite multiferroics are more convenient than the single-phase materials These materials have recently attracted the attention of researchers.. Sattar et al performed a comparative study of substituting RE elements (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, and Dy) in ferrites.28 They reported that doping of Sm3+ reduced the relative density of ferrites through the formation of SmO2.28 This SmO2 usually promotes grain growth at the time of sintering. The leakage current is expected to be reduced by the doping of Sm. The authors claimed promising results for saturation magnetization compared to other REs with the substitution of Sm (1.5 μB) in place of Fe (5 μB).. The present study may lead to the enhancement of magnetoelectric effects, which are important in making phase shifters, switching devices, and sensors
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