Abstract

This chapter highlights the concept of set theory. A set is a collection of objects; the objects are called the elements or members of the set. Two sets A and B are said to be equal if they have the same elements. If every member of a set A is also a member of a set B, then A is a subset of B. If A and B are two given sets, the set of all elements that belong to both A and B is a new set, called the intersection of A and B; it is denoted by the symbol A ∩ B. The intersection of any collection of sets is the set of elements that belong to every one of the sets in the collection. If A and B are two given sets, the set of all elements that belong to either A or B or both is a new set, called the union of A and B; it is denoted by the symbol A ∪ B. Given any collection of sets, their union is the set of elements that belong to one or more of the sets in the collection. If U is the universal set and A is a subset of U, the set of all elements in U that are not members of A is called the complement of A.

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