1-O-alkylglycerols from thehepatopancreas of thecrab Paralithodes camtschaticus, liver of thesquid Berryteuthis magister, and liver of the skate Bathyraja parmifera, and their anticancer activity on human melanoma cells.

Abstract

1-O-alkylglycerols (AKG) are a class of natural ether lipids derived from 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerols by deacylation. In this study, 1-O-alkylglycerol (AKG) composition was investigated in the hepatopancreas lipids of thecrab Paralithodes camtschaticus and the liver lipids of thesquid Berryteuthis magister and the skate Bathyraja parmifera. One of the principal AKG in marine organisms was 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol (AKG 16:0). To assess AKG influence on melanoma, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative actions of natural AKG 16:0 and synthetic 1-O-octyl-sn-glycerol (AKG 8:0) on three human melanoma cell lines SK-Mel-5, SK-Mel-28, and RPMI-7951. Natural AKG 16:0 in concentration up to 20µM was not toxic to all cell lines. AKG 8:0 showed no toxicity to cells SK-Mel-5 and SK-Mel-28 in concentrations up to 20µM but had moderate cytotoxicity to RPMI-7951 cells with an IC50 of 13µM. Both investigated substances inhibited the proliferation, formation, and growth of cell colonies of RPMI-7951. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: AKG exhibit a variety of biological activities, including anticancer effects. In this study, the liver lipids of the skate B. parmifera and the hepatopancreas lipids of crab P. camtschaticus were shown to be sources of AKG. Our data showed that AKG can be used to prevent the formation of new colonies of malignant cells in combination therapy against melanoma. The results will be useful for future studies involving marine ether lipids and the examination of their anticancer properties against malignant cells.