Abstract
Apple cultivars’ storability could be strengthened through known techniques of cold storage, advanced industries of control atmosphere or other routine usages like fruit pre-cooling followed by immersion in CA++ solution, depending on genetic potential of the plant material. At the end of pomology and cold storage assessments of 93 apple cultivars, two high yielding native "Dirras-e Mashhad" and "Wealthy" were treated by single and combined 1-MCP and ethylene nano-absorbent (ENA) to assess eventual improvements in cold storage span, fruit eating quality and role of cultivar. For this purpose, directs effects and interactions between all sources of variance were studied. Ethylene emission and CO2 amounts were measured. The results showed that reduced weight loss and flesh firmness, were registered in the treated samples of both cultivars compared with the control. Using of 1-MCP affected significantly (p 0.05) on these characteristics. The native apple "Dirras-e Mashhad" showed higher pH value than "Wealthy" under the combined treatment (ENA+1-MCP). Genetic source revealed significant difference through lower "Wealthy" storability. Ethylene emission increased to 53.64 ppm/Kg·hr after 5th month, which resulted in significant difference at p > 0.01 level related to the initial value of 3.26 ppm/Kg·hr. The combined treatment (ENA+1-MCP) affected significantly (p < 0.05) most of the fruit characteristics in both of the cultivars. The treatments demonstrated different results by cultivar.
Highlights
Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees worldwide, with production of 69,511,975 tons for which Iran has been variously ranked amid third to eighth global producer with annual production of approximately 2 to 1,662,430 tons in the high competitive market (FAO, 2012) [1]
The results showed that reduced weight loss and flesh firmness, were registered in the treated samples of both cultivars compared with the control
Ethylene regulates important biological activities of fruit growth, maturation affecting aging process and senescence leading to fruit fall through formation of abscission layer (Rahemi, 2004) [3]. 1-MCP (1-methyl cyclopropene), despite the similar chemical layout related to ethylene, demonstrates anti-ethylenic properties
Summary
Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees worldwide, with production of 69,511,975 tons for which Iran has been variously ranked amid third to eighth global producer with annual production of approximately 2 to 1,662,430 tons in the high competitive market (FAO, 2012) [1]. Pre-harvest spray of daminozide is recommended because of significant improvements in the quality of apples stored in controlled atmospheres (Sharples & Johnson, 1986) [6] Other ethylene inhibitors such as potassium permanganate and ozone are considered as strong oxidizers (Jalili Marandi, 2008) [7]; the non-volatile compounds can be separated from the product. In a long-term trial, the fruit samples of six most diffused apple cultivars in Europe as "Braeburn", "Cripps Pink", "Gala", "Fuji", "Golden Delicious", "Red Delicious" were harvested at three successive stages of fruit growth as beginning, mid and physiological maturity and stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) for 5 to 7.5 months under ultra low oxygen and/or CA storage conditions with and without prior exposure to 1-MCP SmartFreshTM.
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