Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is common in patients with heart failure (HF) yet it remains largely unrecognized and untreated. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population is about 8-24% whereas in systolic heart failure it approaches 60%. Central sleep apnea (CSA) affects about 4% of the general population and 20-40% of heart failure patients. OSA can worsen hypertension, coronary disease, and arrhythmias which can cause acute decompensated heart failure while research shows early treatment of OSA can improve the ejection fraction (EF).
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