Abstract

This chapter discusses chemical weapons (CW) and their toxic effects. CW destruction is one of the most important environmental problems faced by U.S. Army programs. The CW agents of today had their historical beginnings in World War I (WW I). Chlorine was the first chemical to be specifically and effectively used as a lethal agent in WW I. Mustard was the most feared chemical agent to emerge from WW I. CW agents have been variously classified according to their physical, chemical, biological, or useful military properties. The agents can be grouped into lethal and nonlethal categories, based on the primary intended effect of their use. The nonlethal species are further divided into incapacitating agents and riot control (RC) agents. The overwhelming bulk of the declared CW stockpiles of today consist of only seven agents or combinations: mustard, lewisite, Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), and VX, plus in lesser amounts, Tabun (GA) and GF.

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