Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The significant impact of psychosocial factors on treatment outcomes is well known. Psychological distress has been shown to be a predictor for poor surgical outcomes with spinal surgery. A majority of spine specialists do not use a validated patient reported (PR) screening questionnaire to assess psychological distress, but instead rely on their clinical instincts when evaluating patients. The Distress Risk Assessment Method (DRAM) is a well validated PR questionnaire used to assess levels of psychological distress.
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