Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a precursor molecule of ethylene whose concentration is elevated in the plant subjected to biotic and abiotic stress. Several soil microorganisms are reported to produce ACC deaminase (ACCd) which degrades ACC thereby reducing stress ethylene in host plants. This study is aimed to apply ACCd producing beneficial rhizobacteria to improve biochemical parameters and cell wall properties of Panicum maximum exposed to salt and drought stress, focusing on bioethanol production. Thirty-seven ACCd producing bacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of field grown P. maximum and 13 were shortlisted based on their beneficial traits (root colonization, production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, tolerance to salt and Polyethylene glycol) and a total score obtained. All shortlisted bacteria were found significant in enhancing the plant growth, water conservation, membrane stability, biocompatible solutes and protein, phenolic contents and photosynthetic pigments in plants grown under stress conditions. Cell wall composition (Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin) of the treated plants grown under stress conditions recorded a significant improvement over their respective controls and found equivalent to the plants grown under normal circumstances. Biomass from bacterial treatment recorded higher total reducing sugars upon pre-treatment and hydrolysis, and theoretical bioethanol yield.
Highlights
At present India represents 18% of the world human population and 15% livestock population accommodated on 2.4% of land mass
We report the enhanced plant growth and biomass characters of Panicum maximum by employing ACC deaminase (ACCd) beneficial rhizobacterial isolates endowed with multiple advantageous traits under drought and salt stress conditions
The bacterial cell lysate of isolate 11G recorded the highest activity of 3072 nm/mg protein/h followed by 14P > 20B > 7C > 5JB > 11-2I > 7D > 4F1 (Table 1)
Summary
At present India represents 18% of the world human population and 15% livestock population accommodated on 2.4% of land mass. Economic and environmental points of view, lignocellulosic bioethanol (second generation biofuel), shows many potential advantages in comparison to starch and sugar based bioethanol (first generation biofuel). Due to its multi-cut nature, ease of propagation, fast growth, good yield, low input requirement and wide adaptability under different agroclimatic conditions of India, this grass could offer a sustainable and economical alternative option for bioethanol production in future. The cell wall is the major component of lignocellulose biomass which is a potential source of energy. It mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in variable amount. Most of the earlier studies with cell wall genetic modifications lead to defects in plant growth, physiology and biochemistry thereby reducing biomass yield and survivability[11,12,13]. It becomes essential to find out a long-lasting, eco-friendly solution to maintain the healthy plant growth and quality of biomass under stressful conditions
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