Abstract
Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (ie, developmental delay, ASD, early-onset psychiatric or seizure disorders) increasingly seek evaluation of new or exacerbated symptoms concerning for autoimmune encephalitis (AE). AE diagnosis includes: 1) the presence of ≥2 of 7 neuropsychiatric domains over <3 months; 2) ≥1 objective finding of neuroinflammation; and 3) reasonable exclusion of alternative illnesses, which can be challenging in NDD patients due to symptom overlap between antineuronal autoimmunity and baseline atypical neurodevelopment.
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