Abstract
A new cross-linkable monomer containing 1,3-diphenylethenylcarbazolyl-based hole-transporting moieties and four reactive epoxy groups, was prepared by a multistep synthesis route from 1,3-bis(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol and its application for the in situ formation of cross-linked hole transporting layers was investigated. A high concentration of flexible aliphatic epoxy chains ensures good solubility and makes this compound an attractive cross-linking agent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, xerographic time of flight, and electron photoemission in air methods.
Highlights
Electronic and optoelectronic devices using organic materials as active elements, for example organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic photovoltaic devices (OPV), organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic photoreceptors, organic photorefractive devices and so forth, have received a great deal of attention from the standpoint of potential technological applications as well as fundamental science [1,2,3,4,5]
Multilayer structures could be constructed through layer-by-layer vapor deposition, a very successful technique that is limited to thermally stable low-molecular-weight materials and is relatively expensive and time-consuming
Several strategies have been developed to overcome this technological problem and perhaps the most elegant one involves development of the cross-linkable materials. They can be solution processed by doctor blading or ink jet printing and transformed into an insoluble film by light [7,8], heat [9,10,11] or chemical [12] treatment
Summary
Electronic and optoelectronic devices using organic materials as active elements, for example organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic photovoltaic devices (OPV), organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic photoreceptors, organic photorefractive devices and so forth, have received a great deal of attention from the standpoint of potential technological applications as well as fundamental science [1,2,3,4,5]. In order to ensure high efficiency multi-layered devices containing charge (hole and electron) injection and transporting layers are usually fabricated. Several strategies have been developed to overcome this technological problem and perhaps the most elegant one involves development of the cross-linkable materials. They can be solution processed by doctor blading or ink jet printing and transformed into an insoluble film by light [7,8], heat [9,10,11] or chemical [12] treatment. Development of the high-performance, cross-linkable charge-transporting materials are a key issue for the fabrication of efficient devices. A difunctional second component is necessary to ensure successful cross-linking, broadening the assortment of possible cross-linking agents considerably
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