Abstract
In this study, we obtained and characterized a piezoelectric composite with 1-3 connectivity from castor oil polyurethane (PUR) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) rods. Two samples were obtained, one with 15% PZT volume and the other with 34% PZT volume. The ac electrical properties of the 1-3 piezoelectric composite samples demonstrated the frequency-dependence behavior of disordered solids. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was greatly influenced by the number of PZT rods and the matrix curing process. The sample with 34% PZT volume showed a higher d33 value, (246 pC/N measured after 30 d of polarization). The composites were evaluated for use in acoustic emission wave sensors for application in structural health monitoring.
Highlights
Piezoelectricity is the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy or the reverse process[1]
The generation of electric charges by a material is proportional to the applied mechanical stress, the change in the physical dimensions of the material is related to the applied electric field[2]. This property has been observed in various materials, e.g., ceramic materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT)[3] and barium titanate (BaTiO3)[4], oxides and nitride materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO)[5] and gallium nitride (GaN)[6], and polymeric materials such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)[7,8]
The piezoelectric ceramic particles have been incorporated into the polymeric matrices to combine the properties of each phase, i.e., the excellent mechanical properties, lightness, and flexibility of the polymeric matrix with the high piezoelectric activity and high dielectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramics[10,11]
Summary
Piezoelectricity is the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy or the reverse process[1]. The polymer phase is connected in three-directions In this type of composite (with 0-3 connectivity), the polarization of the ceramic particles incorporated in the matrix is not as. The combination of a polymeric phase and piezoelectric ceramic rods provides greater electromechanical coupling, less spurious modes, and smaller acoustic impedance[21,22] In this sense, the application range of [1,2,3] piezoelectric composites is wide, e.g., transducers for medical ultrasound[23], sensors[24,25], and harvesting energy[26]. The dielectric, electric, and piezoelectric properties of the composite were analyzed to evaluate its possible application in structural health monitoring sensors
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