Abstract
A new group of arsenic(III) complexes with bidentate S,S-donor ligands, 1,2-benzenedithiol (Ph(SH)2) and toluene-3,4-dithiol (MePh(SH)2), were synthesized. The use of arsenic(III) iodide and bromide promoted the formation of neutral complexes (1–4) with the general formula AsX(LS2) (X = I or Br, L = MePh or Ph). The crystal structures of these compounds were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD). Unlike other arsenic(III) complexes, AsBr(PhS2) complex (2) was found to crystallize with a rare 13 molecules in the asymmetric unit. The compounds were also characterized by conventional physico-chemical techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), elemental analysis (EA) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)). The results from structural and spectroscopic studies were supported by DFT calculations using the B3LYP/LANL2DZ and (or) 6-31+G(d,p) approaches. The cytotoxicity of these complexes was estimated for human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (NB4). They exhibited remarkable cytotoxicities after 48 h of treatment with IC50 equal to about 10 µM and 40 µM for complexes with 1,2-benzenedithiolato and toluene-3,4-dithiolato ligand, respectively. Their toxicity was lower than that of commonly used chemotherapeutic As2O3 (IC50 = 1.4 µM).
Highlights
Inorganic arsenic exhibits strong toxic properties and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and US Environmental Protection Agency as a human carcinogen
The search for novel compounds possessing lower toxicity for patients compared with classic As2 O3, which is currently used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) as well as other types of cancers, is desirable [2]
The synthesis of these compounds was inspired by the methods described in ref [25]
Summary
Inorganic arsenic exhibits strong toxic properties and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and US Environmental Protection Agency as a human carcinogen. Since dithiols form complexes with As(III) via two sulphur atoms, the last site could be occupied by any anion or used as a convenient linker with the suitable biomolecule This would allow the conjugation of an appropriate compound that could, for example, be a guiding molecule to specific cancer cells. Emitter with T1/2 = 38.83 h and energy Eβmax = 0.683 MeV) and 72 As (positron emitter with T1/2 = 26.0 h and energy Eγ = 511, 834 keV) form an ideal theranostic pair These radionuclides, when attached to an appropriate biomolecule such as a monoclonal antibody, can be used in cancer diagnosis, plan treatment, and provide effective therapy [28]. The cytotoxicity of the obtained complexes for acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (NB4) was investigated and compared with As2 O3
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