Abstract

Reference data for sleep in healthy individuals are needed for the interpretation of polysomnography and subjective sleep parameters. The aim of this analysis was to provide polysomnographic and subjective reference data for two consecutive nights based on a large sample of healthy adults. The sample was selected from the archival database of the Sleep Center at the Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, and consisted of 239 healthy adults aged 19 to 83 years, including 103 males and 136 females, who were divided into five age groups. Means, standard deviations and percentiles are provided for PSG-derived sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake time after sleep onset, REM latency, number of wake periods, percentages of time spent in different sleep stages, and arousal index for the first and second night. Periodic limb movement index and apnea hypopnea index are provided for the first night. In addition, means and standard deviations for the subjective estimation of sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake time after sleep onset and sleep quality are provided for the same two nights. Potentials and limitations of the usage of reference data in sleep research and sleep medicine are discussed. We conclude that the informative value of sleep reference data in healthy individuals is limited due to high interindividual and intraindividual variation within sleep variables and lack of research into potential consequences of deviations from the normal range. none.

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