Abstract
Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances (i.e. poor sleep quality, low sleep efficiency, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)) are common during menopausal transition and menopause. These disturbances are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the association of sleep disturbances and CVD risk among midlife Thai women, living in the US, have not been fully explored. Thus, this study examined the association between sleep characteristics and CVD risk in those women. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 120 midlife Thai women completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin questionnaire, and Menopause Rating Scale. The main outcome, 10-year risk of CVD, was determined using the BMI-based Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Descriptive, bivariate, robust regression, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis for mediation model were performed using STATA 15.1. Results Among participants, their mean age was 51.53 years (SD=7.73), length of stay in the USA was 21.77 years (SD=12.96) and CVD risk score was 6.56 % (SD=5.74). Twenty participants (17%) were at high risk of CVD. The mean subjective sleep quality measured by PSQI was 4.18 (SD=3.03). The majority of participants were good sleepers (n=97, 80.83%). The mean sleep efficiency was 95.36% (SD=5.96). A small portion of the participants had a high risk of OSA as assessed by Berlin questionnaire (n=17, 14.17%). Among sleep characteristics, only the increased risk of OSA was significantly associated with higher CVD risk (B=4.601, p< 0.001). Conclusion The findings of this study indicated that an increased risk of OSA is associated with the risk of CVD among midlife women. Sleep duration, sleep quality, or sleep efficiency neither mediated nor moderated CVD risk. Future studies should use objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy, to better elucidate the effects of sleep parameters on cardiovascular risk. Support (if any)
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