Abstract
Abstract Introduction Several studies have shown that the insomnia with objective short sleep duration (ISSD) phenotype is associated with stage 2 hypertension and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine if there is an association between ISSD and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We studied 1,741 adults from the Penn State Adult Cohort (age 20-88 years, 52.3% female, 12.4% racial/ethnic minority) who underwent a 1-night polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation, clinical history, and physical examination. Insomnia was defined as a complaint of insomnia with a duration ≥ 1 year, while poor sleep was defined as a complaint of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, nonrestorative sleep or early morning awakening. Objective short sleep duration was defined as < 6-hours. MetS was defined by the presence of 3 or more of: BMI≥30 kg/m2, elevated total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL), or treatment, and blood pressure (≥130/85 mm Hg) or treatment. Logistic regression models examined the odds of developing MetS, while simultaneously adjusting for sex, race, age, alcohol, smoking, sleep-disordered breathing, mental and physical problems, and sampling weight. Results Compared to normal sleepers with normal sleep duration, ISSD was associated with a significantly increased risk of MetS (OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.13-3.70), while insomnia with normal sleep duration (INSD) was not (OR=1.03, 95%CI=0.53-1.99). Neither normal sleepers with short sleep duration nor poor sleeper with normal or short sleep duration were associated with increased risk of MetS. Further analysis of the clustering of the cardiometabolic risk factors revealed that in the ISSD group who had MetS, 94% had elevated blood pressure, 78% had elevated cholesterol, 72% had insulin resistance, 53% had elevated triglycerides, and 53% had BMI≥30 kg/m2. Conclusion These data indicate that hypercholesterolemia, but not hypertriglyceridemia or obesity, contributes to the association of ISSD with MetS. These data suggest that in addition to the previously-identified elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance, treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with ISSD may prevent the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Support (if any)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.