Abstract
Research was conducted to compare non-ionic, paraffin-based crop oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and organosilicone surfactants combined with Manage (MON 12051, holosulfuron) applied at a reduced rate for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control efficiency and evaluation of phytotoxicity to five container-grown ornamental species. Manage at 0.018 kg a.i./ha was combined with 0.25% or 0.5% (v/v) of the following surfactants: X-77, Scoil, Action “99”, Sun It II, or Agri-Dex. Yellow nutsedge tubers (10 per 3.8-L container) were planted into containers along with the following nursery crops: `Lynnwood Gold' forsythia, `Big Blue' liriope, `Pink Lady' weigela, `Blue Girl' Chinese holly, and `Bennett's Compacta' Japanese holly. Treatments were applied 5 weeks after potting on 13 June 1998 and phytotoxicity ratings taken 4 and 8 weeks later and growth measured after 8 weeks. Sun It II provided the most-effective nutsedge control without reducing growth and causing minimal phytotoxicity to the ornamental plants tested. X-77 (the recommended surfactant for Manage) provided only moderate nutsedge control. Efficient nutsedge control can be accomplished with Manage at one-half the recommended rate when combined with the correct surfactant. Some temporary phytotoxicity symptoms can be expected and a slight overall growth reduction is possible, depending on the surfactant selected.
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