Abstract
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have improved significantly over the last years and now are widely employed in many different applications. However, the custom fabrication technologies exploited for commercial SiPMs do not allow the integration of any additional electronics, e.g., on-chip readout and analog (or digital) processing circuitry. In this paper, we present the design and characterization of two microelectronics-compatible SiPMs fabricated in a 0.16 µm–BCD (Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) technology, with 0.67 mm × 0.67 mm total area, 10 × 10 square pixels and 53% fill-factor (FF). The photon detection efficiency (PDE) surpasses 33% (FF included), with a dark-count rate (DCR) of 330 kcps. Although DCR density is worse than that of state-of-the-art SiPMs, the proposed fabrication technology enables the development of cost-effective systems-on-chip (SoC) based on SiPM detectors. Furthermore, correlated noise components, i.e., afterpulsing and optical crosstalk, and photon timing response are comparable to those of best-in-class commercial SiPMs.
Highlights
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are dense arrays of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) [1], each one with its own quenching resistor, connected in parallel [2]
In [10] we reported on SPADs we developed in a 0.16 μm–BCD technology, attaining more than 60% photon detection efficiency (PDE) at 500 nm, dark count rate (DCR) density lower than
We present two SiPMs based on BCD SPADs
Summary
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are dense arrays of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) [1], each one with its own quenching resistor, connected in parallel [2]. Commercially-available SiPMs exploit custom fabrication technologies for optimizing their performance. Digital SiPMs (dSiPMs), where each pixel integrates an active quenching circuit and provides a digital output to on-chip digital processing electronics, have been demonstrated [9]. Despite their lower fill-factor, dSiPMs offer several very attractive features. We present two SiPMs based on BCD SPADs. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the BCD SiPM microcell; Section The. Section with a performance comparison between BCDofSiPMs some commercial ones. 4 concludes performance comparison between BCD SiPMs and some commercial ones
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