0100 Developmental trajectories of SWA and ORP since childhood in young adults: association with psychiatric/behavioral disorders

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Declines in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) in the transition to adolescence are indicative of brain maturational changes that parallel a decline in sleep depth, as measured by the novel sleep EEG biomarker odds ratio product (ORP). However, these developmental trajectories and their psychiatric/behavioral associations have lacked replication across multiple time points during the lifespan. Methods We determined the developmental trajectories (median follow-up 15y) of SWA and ORP among 150 participants from the Penn State Child Cohort studied in childhood (median age 9y) through adolescence (median age 16y) into young adulthood (median age 24y). Discrete mixture models for clustering of longitudinal data series was used to compute the probability of a subject belonging to mutually-exclusive 2 or 3 trajectory groups, which were selected based on Bayesian and Akaike Information Criteria. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to compare the proportion of subjects with psychiatric/behavioral disorders across the three developmental trajectories in each sleep EEG biomarker. Results Age-related declines in SWA were observed across two developmental groups, of which one followed a cubic trajectory and one a linear trajectory. This decline in SWA was coupled with age-related increases in ORP across three developmental groups, two of which were quadratic and one was linear. Compared to the shallowest trajectories, the SWA and ORP trajectories with the greatest slopes in the transition to young adulthood had a significantly higher proportion of participants with a history of psychiatric/behavioral disorders (78.6% vs. 53.2% and 80.0% vs. 50.7%, respectively, both p< 0.01). Conclusion Our novel data provide replication for the maturational trajectories of SWA and ORP by including time points across three distinct developmental stages, including young adulthood. Also, our data provide evidence linking the developmental trajectories of SWA and ORP with psychopathology. Young adults with psychiatric/behavioral disorders are associated with a steeper developmental decline in sleep intensity (SWA) and sleep depth (ORP) after adolescence. Support (if any) National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01MH118308, UL1TR000127)