Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nebivolol (vs. bisoprolol) on the genital circulation, fetal growth and postnatal development in wistar rat. 110 pregnant rats were used in this study: untreated (control) rats (n=42), rats orally treated with nebivolol (8 mg/kg/day, n=43), or bisoprolol (10 mg/kg/day, n=25) from day 11 to day 18 of gestation. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and genital blood flow (GBF) were measured by tail cuff method and transonic method respectively (on the 19th day and 20th of the gestation). In addition, a morphometric study was performed on the ovarian and uterine arteries; fetal weight and postnatal development of three infants randomly chosen are following for 8 weeks. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of n experiments. The results clearly showed that SBP and GBF are lower in rats treated with nebivolol (SBP=115.56 ± 0.62 mmHg. GBF= 0.20 ± 0.04 ml/s) compared to untreated rats (SBP=140.14 ± 0.33 mmHg. GBF=0.53±0.03 ml/s) or to that treated with bisoprolol (SBP=122.42 ± 0.28. GBF=0.40±0.03). The treatment with nebivolol also caused a strong increase of lengths and diameters of the ovarian and uterine arteries. In addition, it increases the number of segmental branches of the uterine artery compared to the other two groups. Moreover, the results showed that nebivolol has an adverse impact on fetal growth and postnatal development. It was found that average weight of a fetus at the end of gestation was (3.55 ± 0.03 g) with nebivolol, (5.64 ± 0.01 g) with bisoprolol and (6.05 ± 0.02 g) in control. We showed that the action of nebivolol is not only limited to its favorable hemodynamic effects, but nebivolol also produces adverse effects on fetal growth and postnatal development, that may limit its therapeutic use during pregnancy. As wistar female rats were normotensive, we need to further investigate the effect of nebivolol in a hypertensive model.
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