ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ГРУПП КАЗАЧЕСТВА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ

Abstract

The Y-chromosomal polymorphism of the main groups of Cossacks from modern Ukraine and Southern Russia was analyzed to trace their origin and reveal the degree of admixture with neighboring populations. The Kuban Cossacks, Don Cossacks and Dnieper Cossacks form an entire southern part of East-Slavic gene pool. The area of strong genetic affinity for these Cossack groups includes Ukraine, South Russia, Belarus, Poland and Slovakia. Dnieper Cossacks are more similar to the Ukrainian populations, Don Cossacks – to the southern Russian ones, whereas Kuban Cossacks are intermediate between Dnieper and Don Cossack groups. The major haplogroups of Y chromosome in Dnieper, Kuban and Don Cossacks were R 1 a 1 a 1*(М198), I 2 a (Р37.2), R 1 a 1 a 1 g (М458), N 1 c 1 (М178), I 1 (М253) , R 1 b 1 b 2 (М269). At once, the specific for Caucasus region haplogroups G and J were minor, as well as East Eurasian haplogroups C and O were wide spread among Asian steppe populations were virtually absent in listed Cossack groups. It allows to reject the hypothesis on extensive incorporation of Caucasus and Asian steppe genetic components in Cossack gene pool. The Terek Cossacks differed significantly from other considered Cossack groups. They have lower frequency of R1a1a1*(M198) and I2a (P37.2) haplogroups, but instead carry high portion of G2a3b1 (P303) and G2a1a (P18) which significant frequencies are specific to Caucasus region. Terek Cossacks reveal some affiliation to Turkic-speaking Nogays and Balkars . The area of genetic affinity for Terek Cossacks lies in narrow region near the Azov Sea. We conclude that main present-day Cossack groups are the part of entire East-Slavic genetic continuity, excepting Terek Cossacks assimilated indigenous Caucasian component. The Y-chromosomal polymorphism of the main groups of Cossacks from modern Ukraine and Southern Russia was analyzed to trace their origin and reveal the degree of admixture with neighboring populations. The Kuban Cossacks, Don Cossacks and Dnieper Cossacks form an entire southern part of East-Slavic gene pool. The area of strong genetic affinity for these Cossack groups includes Ukraine, South Russia, Belarus, Poland and Slovakia. Dnieper Cossacks are more similar to the Ukrainian populations, Don Cossacks – to the southern Russian ones, whereas Kuban Cossacks are intermediate between Dnieper and Don Cossack groups. The major haplogroups of Y chromosome in Dnieper, Kuban and Don Cossacks were R 1 a 1 a 1*(М198), I 2 a (Р37.2), R 1 a 1 a 1 g (М458), N 1 c 1 (М178), I 1 (М253) , R 1 b 1 b 2 (М269). At once, the specific for Caucasus region haplogroups G and J were minor, as well as East Eurasian haplogroups C and O were wide spread among Asian steppe populations were virtually absent in listed Cossack groups. It allows to reject the hypothesis on extensive incorporation of Caucasus and Asian steppe genetic components in Cossack gene pool. The Terek Cossacks differed significantly from other considered Cossack groups. They have lower frequency of R1a1a1*(M198) and I2a (P37.2) haplogroups, but instead carry high portion of G2a3b1 (P303) and G2a1a (P18) which significant frequencies are specific to Caucasus region. Terek Cossacks reveal some affiliation to Turkic-speaking Nogays and Balkars . The area of genetic affinity for Terek Cossacks lies in narrow region near the Azov Sea. We conclude that main present-day Cossack groups are the part of entire East-Slavic genetic continuity, excepting Terek Cossacks assimilated indigenous Caucasian component.