ШЛЯХИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРИНЦИПІВ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ УЧНІВ У НАВЧАЛЬНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ ШКІЛ УКРАЇНИ (КІНЕЦЬ XX ПОЧ. XXI СТ.)

Abstract

The article considers some principles of educational activity that most effectively influences the formation of cognitive activity of pupils. The analysis of theoretical works of domestic and foreign teachers and psychologists is carried out, which shows that in the context of research there is no unambiguous interpretation of essence of this concept. However, it can be argued that the cognitive activity of pupils in learning is based on the principles of humanization and democratization, individualization and differentiation of the educational process, which takes into account the age and individual characteristics of its participants, and the end result of education is considered to be the competence.In the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, the idea of educating in pupils the active learning was one of the fundamental progressive ideas of pedagogy. Scientists were well aware that the school is an instrument of transformation of society. Educators sought to change the very technology of learning: to involve the pupil in the active “creation” of himself, replacing the old reproductive methods with active cognitive activity. The aim was to create a new ideal school, built on the principles that would implement the formation of cognitive activity of pupils in terms of competence, individualization, focus on multilevel, problem-based, developmental, educational learning and creativity, which in turn would provide training for active, independent people, ready to working life and armed with the necessary knowledge and skills.Today the issues of democratic and humanistic guidelines of modern Ukrainian education, personality-oriented education and upbringing are being actively developed. They are manifested in the principles of formation of cognitive activity of pupils and educational relations, moral culture of participants in the educational process, educational training and more. This means to ensure such an educational process, which is focused on improving both the surrounding reality and each individual in particular.