РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЯ МАТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ЄВРОПИ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВ ІXVI–XVII СТОЛІТТЯ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ НАЗВ ТКАНИН ТА ОДЯГУ)

Abstract

The article analyzes the vocabulary for the designation of European fabrics and clothing in the composition of adjective-substantive phrases. The primary in such phrases is the adjective that identifies the place of origin of a certain material/product, as well as indicates its additional characteristics: color, decoration, and quality. As a result of the accumulation of several adjectives, adjective-attribute clusters are formed. The names of fabrics and clothes from many historical lands of modern European countries are documented: Poland, Germany, England, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria. By directly referring to certain European countries, these nominations form the core of the nominal field of the concept EUROPE The semantic subfield "Fabrics and clothing items", which is part of the semantic field "Material culture" of the concept EUROPE, is built. The variety of European goods, which were operated in the XVI-XVII centuries on the Ukrainian territory, in particular by Ukrainian merchants, testifies to the integration of Ukraine (as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) into the trade space of Europe of that time. Comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Polish names of fabrics contributes to their similarity in both languages due to extralinguistic factors (trade routes of merchants, availability of certain types of fabrics, common features of fashion and wardrobe of certain groups of the population). Relevant European place names and names of merchants from Europe, including ethnonyms, were recorded. These names complement the core and peripheral parts of the nominal field of the EUROPE concept. It was found that certain types of fabrics were valued more and served as a marker of wealthier people; at the same time, other fabrics indicated a lower social status. Valuable goods, including fabrics/clothing, appeared in numerous complaints about offenses (robberies, attacks, clashes); analyzing these fragments of linguistic reality, it is possible to recreate certain features of the culture of that time. Until now, the perception of European fabrics as more expensive, higher quality, and grade has been preserved, which is observed in particular in the television space of modern trade in Ukraine.