Историческая эволюция тобольских казачьих родов в XVII-XX вв. (на примере рода Крушинских)

Abstract

The article considers the evolution of the Tobolsk Cossack kin of Krushinsky throughout centuries on the basis of the sources first introduced for the scientific use: household and farmstead censuses of the Krushinskaya and Poluyanovaya villages of Begishev-skaya Volost of Tobolsk Uezd, documents of the Tobolsk Committee of the North, investigative cases of the Archive of the Regional Department of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation of Tyumen Oblast. The relevance of studying this phenomenon is connected with the Krushinsky kin belonging to the first settlers of Siberia, and also to the peculiar Siberian phenomenon i.e. to of the Lithuanian list. Cossacks of the Lithuanian list made an elite military unit and were engaged in the performance of the most difficult orders, in the development of the control system of Siberia. The Krushinskys act as representatives of a rather rare phenomenon for Siberia: they were owners of possessory villages. The aim of the article is to track the duration of Cossacks' (as a component of the population of Siberia that were first to settle on the territory) time after its accession to the Russian state. In the course of the research the author comes to conclusions about the Krushinskys' specialization on military Cossack service, active participation in the development of Siberia, resettlement in new flagship points and outposts throughout centuries. Ownership of a possessory village was not long, owing to the colonization of the location of the village by the Tobolsk Diocese. Loss of the possessory village led to a resettlement to a nearby village. The intensity of the Cossack service with remote expeditions caused the slow growth of the kin. The numerical growth of the Krushinsky kin traced in the place of their main accommodation for the whole historical period was not considerable. The greatest representation of the kin dates back to the end of the 1920s. There was a sharp reduction of the Krushinsky kin in Siberia in the 1930s-1940s, which was caused by the Stalin repressive policy which affected the kin immensely. In the conditions of the change of the power, the good financial position, considerable plots of land pushed the Krushin-skys, as well as the main part of the Cossack descendants, to fight against the Soviet power in the West Siberian Revolt of 1921. This circumstance along with the participation in World War I was the basis of repression and became the end of the historical existence of the Krushinsky kin. Those who were not victims of political repressions were subjected to forced resettlement. During the postwar period the steady family centers consisting of several generations disappeared, which finally led to their disappearance in the place of centuries-old residence.