Проблема интеграции и формирования российско-кавказского социокультурного единства в конце XVIII – XX вв.: историографический аспект

Abstract

The article contains a historiographical review of pre- revolutionary, Soviet and contemporary studies on various aspects of political, legal, economic and socio-cultural integration of the peoples of the North Caucasus into Russia at the end of the 18th – 20th centuries. The authors carry out a historiographical review of pre-revolutionary and Soviet studies, in which the problem of the formation of the Russian-Caucasian socio-cultural unity at the end of the 18th – 20th centuries is studied. The priority of problems in the pre-revolutionary period was determined by military- strategic tasks in the context of active policy of Russia in the Caucasus, the traditional social institutions, life and customs of the highlanders, their relationship with the imperial authorities were studied in order to integrate the region into the Russian socio-political, economic and cultural system and further modernization of North Caucasian societies. The Soviet period of the historiography of the problem is characterized by the dominance of the Marxist-Leninist methodology, the structuring of the main problems of the history of Russian-North Caucasian relations, the appearance of the first generalizing works on the history of the region, terminological searches in the study of the process of joining and development of the region by the Russian Empire. The authors carry out a historiographical review of modern research, in which the problem of the formation of the Russian-Caucasian sociocultural unity at the end of the 18th – 20th centuries is studied. The modern historiography of the integration and modernization processes in the North Caucasus is characterized by methodological pluralism, which opened up new opportunities for interpreting various social processes in the region in the last third of the 18th – early 20th centuries. The formation of new scientific schools of Caucasian studies was distinguished by different approaches to identifying key factors and processes in the history of the region, a number of authors proceeded from the idea of the independence of its development as part of the Russian state.