ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗАГОРОДНОЙ УСАДЕБНОЙ ЗАСТРОЙКИ XVIII – НАЧАЛА XX ВВ. НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГАТЧИНСКОГО РАЙОНА ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

E Shuvaeva

doi:10.34031/2071-7318-2019-4-12-85-93

Abstract

The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of country estate complexes located on the territory of the modern Gatchinsky district of the Leningrad region. Large estates of the highest nobility, occupying more than 40 hectares, medium and small noble estates, the area of which does not exceed 30 – 40 hectares and cottages are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the problems of adaptation of historical estates of the XVIII-early XX centuries in the context of preserving the historical environment. The research is urgent due to the issues of adaptation the historical estates of the XVIII-early XX centuries in the context of preserving the historical environment. The common tendencies, which are typical for country estate of the XVIII century second part, at the turn of the XVIII and XIX century, first and second parts of the XIX century and at the turn of the XIX and XX century period, are highlighted by analytical method. It contains analysis of features of architectural projection structure of country estates, which are changed due to each stage of developing, because it is necessary for end-to-end solution for reservation of historical noble estates.  In result, the main chronological periods are founded and main modifications in layout structures of country estates and architecture design are described. Prosperity of country estates and formation of its classic appearance happened from the middle of the XVIII century till the end of first quarter of the XIX century. Country cottages, which refer to the period of prosperity, mainly are designed for year-round residence. Additionally, the research contains review of country estate culture fade period. Main preconditions of country cottages appearance and developing in first part of XIX century are studied and described. The key vectors of adaptation of manor complexes after 1917 are designated, concrete examples of functional reorientation are given.

Highlights

The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of country estate complexes located on the territory of the modern Gatchinsky district of the Leningrad region
The relevance of the study is due to the problems of adaptation of historical estates of the XVIII-early XX centuries in the context of preserving the historical environment
The common tendencies, which are typical for country estate of the XVIII century second part, at the turn of the XVIII and XIX century, first and second parts of the XIX century and at the turn of the XIX and XX century period, are highlighted by analytical method

Summary

Introduction

FORMATION OF COUNTRY ESTATE DEVELOPMENT OF THE XVIII-EARLY XX CENTURIES ON THE EXAMPLE The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of country estate complexes located on the territory of the modern Gatchinsky district of the Leningrad region. Large estates of the highest nobility, occupying more than 40 hectares, medium and small noble estates, the area of which does not exceed 30 – 40 hectares and cottages are studied.

Results

Conclusion