АНТИЧНІ ОБРАЗИ І ФОРМИ В АРХІТЕКТУРІ ПАЛАЦІВ КІН. XVIII – ПОЧ. XIX СТ.

Abstract

The article defines antique images and forms in the architecture of palaces of the late 18th and early 19th century It was determined that the architectural and artistic system of classicism, preserving and repeating stable antique images and forms, was established in the compositional solutions of palace buildings on the territory of Ukraine, which for a long period of time preceded, coexisting in parallel with other stylistic currents. The development of the stylistic tendencies of classicism in palace architecture developed in the context of the pan-European architectural school and reflected its ideological and artistic diversity. The architecture of classicist palaces and palace complexes had the imprint of “antiquity” and the influence of the Palladian school, characterized by such typical elements as: water systems – a mandatory element of the palace-park complex; each palace-park complex included not only a well-planned park (garden), but also numerous promenades and a hunting park (forest). The general composition of recreation consisted of the following structural elements: a park (garden) for walks, a menagerie, an orchard, “garden in ants” (an interesting method of growing heat-loving plants in the village of Samchyki, Khmelnytskyi region). Each complex was multifunctional, consisting of such types of buildings as: palace, household, service and cult buildings, a complex of entrance gate and fence buildings, park buildings. The palace was always located on an elevated area with a beautiful view. The architecture of the buildings of the palace and park complexes is characterized by strictness and perfection of style. The facades of the palaces had a clear symmetrical composition, which was decorated with massive porticoes with a colonnade. The main constructive scheme of the palaces was a two-tract scheme (enfilade-type rooms were located along the park and main facades). Rectangular in plan palaces, were supplemented with protruding risalites. The rear facades, like the main ones, were decorated with a portico with a colonnade. The four-pitched roof was decorated with a massive chimney (blocked chimney groupe). Window and door openings are rectangular, discreetly decorated. The tympanums of the pediments are filled with sculptures with cartouches and military elements. Architectural elements used classicist order elements, complemented by sculptures, bas-reliefs and military emblems. The palaces were modestly decorated on the outside and luxuriously decorated on the inside with stucco and distinguished by color. The main decoration of the palace was the living room (mostly with a domed vault, which is decorated with stucco)