Суспільно-історичні передумови формування вітчизняної системи освіти в період кінця XVI-початку XVII ст.

Abstract

The article describes the social and historical preconditions for the formation of the Ukrainian schooling in the period of the 16th–early 17th centuries. The special focus is placed on the Western European Renaissance and the Reformation, as well as the influence of these epochs on the formation of the Ukrainian educational model in the specified time period. It is argued that the Union of Lublin (1569) was an important historical factor which made it possible for ethnically Ukrainian territories to enter the European context. As a result of the Union, most Ukrainian lands became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, thus falling under the influence of Western culture. At the initial stages of mentioned period, Ukrainian education did not have the appropriate means to conduct an equal dialogue with the opponent whose intellectual culture had been improved over centuries in colleges and universities. The national education had the resourses inherited from the preceding Greco-Byzantine tradition, which played a positive role as a translator of educational and scientific experience within the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, but by the beginning of the sixteenth century they proved to be insufficient and inappropriate for the actual time period. At this stage, Ukrainian pedagogy was confronted with the urgent task of establishing its own national education system, based on previous historical and cultural experience, but, at the same time, the one that met social needs and the best Precisely within the chronological framework of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries the national school as an institution was formed and the public demand for this institution was established. It is concluded that Ukrainian pedagogy, through refraction of the Slavic cultural tradition and certain duration in time, chose the path of the development that met the existing social demands – the path of synthesis of two main types of culture of that time – Latin and Greco-Slavic. This synthesis was reflected in the structural organization and practice of educational institutions that began their activities in the Ukrainian lands in the 16th – 17th and later in the 18th centuries. This also determined the vector of the development of national education in the next era. Keywords: social and historical conditions, Ukrainian cultural and educational space, Greek and Slavic educational tradition, Western European educational model, educational institutions, school, education, culture.