Abstract
1) The chromosome numbers and karyotypes were studied in seven species of Cynareae and one species of Arnica.2) The chromosome numbers of Cephalanoplos setosum, Cirsium tashiroi, C. lineare and Saussurea tanakae are here reported for the first time.3) A close phylogenic relationship between the genus Cephalanoplos and the genus Cirsium is suggested from the karyotypical viewpoint.4) The karyological difference between Saussurea and Cirsium was found from their chromosome morphologies.5) The basic chromosome numbers of the genera belonging to Tribe Cynareae were discussed.6) Hemistepta lyrata, Carduus crispus have characteristic karyotypes different from all the rest of Tribe Cynareae.
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