Козакознавчі студії на сторінках часопису «Кwartalnik Нistorycznу» (1887–1914 рр.)

Abstract

Introduction. The article examines the specifics of the presentation of the Cossack theme on the pages of the professional Polish historical journal “Kwartalnik Historyczny”. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematic, scientific, verification, authorial objectivity with the use of general scientific and special historical methods. The scientific novelty. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the peculiarities of the discussion on the pages of «Kwartalnika Historycznego» in 1887–1914 presented the issues of the history of the Cossacks and revealed trends in the interpretation of this topic among researchers centered around the journal. Research results. As a result of the research, it was established that the Cossack theme was widely presented in the pages of the journal «Kwartalnik Historyczny», despite the fact that its specific feature before the First World War was a clear regional orientation. Estimates of the Cossacks by Polish historians of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, who represented different research centers, were different. However, this did not prevent them from interpreting this period as one that caused the physical and moral decline of the military forces of the Commonwealth in the second half of the XVII century Zaporozhye, in their opinion, consisted of rebels against the law and the state, and the Cossacks defended only their own material interests, not the interests of the entire Ukrainian people. Analyzing the Cossack issues in the columns of «Kwartalnika Historycznego», we can make a generalization that in close connection with the history of the Cossacks in the first period of the magazine formed a negative image of Ukrainians. At this time, differences in the views of the Ukrainian Cossacks of representatives of different generations of Polish historians are becoming more and more noticeable. Thus, the younger generation of Polish researchers (V. Chermak) already considered the Cossacks in the broader context of socio-economic processes: presenting Ukrainians as de facto colonizers of Ukrainian lands, they attributed to the Cossack community the attributes of the state.