Президент vs громадянське суспільство: до питання про реалізацію політичної влади США.

Abstract

Theoretical and practical dimensions of political power realization following the example of the US presidentionalism are discussed. The idea of the discourse is what conditions US presidents orientations at nationwide interests notwithstanding elitist status of persons to held presidential posts. In the spotlight – traditionally high demands of American civilians towards moral and professional qualities of the president, ability of elected leader to reply requests and needs of society. Institutional foundations are also of special role regarding nationwide positions of authorities, and first of all – supervision and control over the activity of president and presidential administration from the US Congress, which – by the example of activity of the presented in the Congress interests (pressure) groups, formal and informal association, statements of influential political individuals – reveals its ability to function as counter actor to Executive, realizing thus practical impact of the principle of check and balances. There are also a series of social factors among the mechanisms of impacts upon the presidents with special role within them of mass-media and civil thought. It is proved in the article that notwithstanding ability to influence molding of the social thought in the necessary for the executive power dimension, it (social thought) becomes (under effectiveness of such institutional factor as Congress) a representative of the interests, positions, requests of civilians. Mass-media has also acquired significant role in this respect. While staying mainly as autonomous force upon official authorities, mass-media remains to be regulator of political ties between society and governmental structures. The same role is inherent for the USA judiciary system as additional legal instrument for the support of democracy and protection of the positions of civilians under conflict character of relationship along the line civilians – society – Congress – President. It is proved in the article that realization of power in order of society supposes as special personal features of the nominees for high level officials posts, but also existence of a stable democratic norms which regulate activity of a leader of nation in dimension of interests and needs of civilians.