쫑카빠(Tsong kha pa)의 삼매에 대한 소고

Abstract

This article purports to examine how Tsong kha pa (1357~1419), through the text of the <italic>Lam rim chen mo</italic>, defined meditative concentration (<italic>samādhi, sānmèi</italic> 三昧), so called calm-abiding and meditative insight (<italic>śamatha- vipaśyanā, zhǐguān</italic> 止觀), and the unification meditation between calm-abiding and meditative insight (<italic>śamatha-vipaśyanā-yuganaddha-vāhin, zhǐguānshuāngyùn</italic> 止觀 雙運). In addition, I explore how Tsong kha pa explained the meditative concentration of direct encounter with the buddhas of the present (<italic>pratyutpanna-buddha-saṃmukhāvasthitasamādhi, pánzhōu sānmèi</italic> 般舟三昧), which can be achieved by the body of the tathāgata as the object of concentration. In the second chapter, I suggest two possibilities that are derived from the original terms from Chinese. As a response to Mie Ishikawa (石川 美惠)’s mention that the meaning of the word “ting nge” is obscure in his commentarial translation of the <italic>sGra sbyor bam po gnyis pa</italic> (二卷本譯語 釋), while the word “samādhi is usually translated into the word ting nge