ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ (TRITICUM L.)

Abstract

The Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy studied the complex of economically valuable properties of 15 varieties of soft spring wheat of different ecological and geographical origins. The studies took place at the Field Experimental Station in 2019–2021. The researchers confirmed that the Central region of the Non-Black Earth zone of Russia remains a zone of risky agriculture. The article emphasizes that meteorological conditions substantially affect the formation of yields and grain quality. At the same time, the hydrothermal coefficient, calculated for the whole vegetational season,does not objectively assess the effect of meteorological conditions on the plants. This fact requires a detailed analysis of the meteorological conditions prevailing in each specific interstage. The vegetation conditions in 2020 contributed to the formation of a high grain yield of low baking quality in all the varieties studied. The vegetation conditions in 2019 and 2021 influenced the formation of the average grain yield. Grain quality was medium in 2019 and high in 2021. The most stable variety-specific properties were grain body, 1000 grains mass, and flour yield. The vitreousness of the grain and the volume yield of the bread turned out the most unstable properties in our studies. The researchers recommended varieties of high baking qualities (Gerakl, Ljubava, KVS Akvilon, Tyumenskaya 25, Ekada 109, and Sudarynya) as starting material in the selection of spring wheat of high baking qualities. Varieties Ivolga Fioletovaya and Kinel’skaya Otrada can form grain of advanced baking quality in dry conditions. They can be recommended for testing in areas with insufficient moisture.