Плазмодинамический синтез оксидов металлов в среде углекислого газа на примере систем Ti – O и Fe – O

Abstract

The issues of decarbonization, which have recently received increased attention from the world community, mainly due to global warming, require the search for new solutions related to the utilization of carbon dioxide. The main problem of carbon dioxide conversion is the need to overcome the high stability of its molecules that requires the supply of a significant amount of energy. This paper presents the experimental results on the high-energy plasma dynamic synthesis of metal oxides in a carbon dioxide medium using the Ti – O and Fe – O systems as an example. By applying a sectioned capacitive energy storage device and a coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with titanium and steel electrodes, which are the main elements of the plasma dynamic synthesis system, nano- and micropowders of iron and titanium oxides were obtained by utilizing CO2. Synthesis of powders was carried out as a result of plasma-chemical reactions occurring during high-speed sputtering of carbon electric discharge plasma into the atmosphere of a reactor chamber filled with carbon dioxide. The possibility of controlling the volume of CO2 utilized in the synthesis process by changing the type of electrodes and the number of successive power supply pulses is shown. It has been established that when using titanium electrodes and a multi-pulse operating mode in the considered system, it is possible to utilize up to 15 vol. % of CO2 to obtain up to ~ 9 g of dispersed products. It should be noted that when titanium electric discharge plasma is sputtered in a CO2 medium, the formation of “classical” rutile and anatase phases, as well as Magneli phases and titanium carbide without traces of pure metal is observed. This indicates that when implementing the plasma dynamic synthesis, it is possible not only to utilize carbon dioxide, but also to obtain useful powder products, which can later be used as feedstock for various applications.