Խոսողի/հեղինակի բացասական-հեգնական վերաբերմունքի ներակա արտահայտումը արդի հայերենում / The Implied Expression of the Speaker/Author’s Negative-Ironic Attitude in Modern Armenian

Abstract

The speaker or the author can speak about something in a neutral way but he/she can also express his/her attitude (positive or negative) towards that. It can be expressed both explicitly, that is, with a variety of evaluative means having formal expression, and implicitly. The means of expressing a negative attitude or assessment are much more diverse. In this article, our goal is to examine the implied expression of the speaker's or the author's negative attitude and assessment. Our task is to present the means by which the speaker's or the author's negativeironic attitude is manifested implicitly. Analytical and comparative methods have been used in this study. The study shows that the author's or the speaker's attitude in the implicit-evaluative utterances can be expressed by certain verbal means, for example, ironic and metaphorical words, vulgarity, neologisms, vernacular language, etc., or without them, and sometimes through the whole sentence. It is noteworthy that in this article, individual language indicators, particularly those listed above, are reconsidered as indicators of implicit assessment. The tone plays a significant role in the expression of the implicit assessment, which hints at the inconsistency of what is formally expressed and the hidden meaning. In some cases, it contributes to the emergence of a new meaning in a word or structure and becomes a unique way of expressing the speaker's or author's attitude.