열처리와 Shoot-Tip Grafting에 의한 감귤 바이러스 무독묘 생산

Abstract

바이러스에 감염된 감귤나무를 생육상에서 주간 <TEX>$40^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 야간 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>로 열처리한 후 발생한 신초를 <TEX>$0.3\~0.7\;\cal{mm}$</TEX> 로 잘라내어 기내에서 치상한 탱자 (P. trifoliata) 대목에 접목하는 열처리와 경정접목 (shoot-tip grafting)을 병행한 방법으로 무독묘 생산에 성공하였다. 감글 바이러스 즉, citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) and citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) 에 대한 무독화율은 각각 <TEX>$75.7\%,\;100.0,\%\;82.6\%$</TEX> 였다. 경정접목 시 접수크기는 <TEX>$0.3\;\cal{mm}$</TEX> 이하 일때 바이러스 무독화율이 높았으나 절목 후 활착율은 저하되었다. 열처리 후 경정배양 (shoot-tip culture)을 하여 1 개월 후에 활착율을 조사한 결과 Yuzu (C. junos)는 <TEX>$74.6\%$</TEX>, 그리고 early satsuma mandarin (Iwasagi)은 <TEX>$13.3\%$</TEX>를 나타내었다. 그러나 항바이러스제인 rivabirin을 첨가한 후 무독효과를 보기 위하여 후대배양 중에 온주밀감의 특성상 갈변되어 고사함으로서 무독묘를 생산하지 못했다. Virus-free stocks was produced by the combination of the heat treatment of virus infected plant and shoot-tip grafting (STS). To produce virus-free stocks, the plants infected with citrus viruses were used for virus-free stock production using the modified method of STG in thermotherapy at <TEX>$40^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 16 hours in the light, and at <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 8 hours of darkness for 4 weeks. Trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) were used as rootstock seedling for STG. Percentages of virus-free stocks against citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) and citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) were <TEX>$75.7\%,\;100.0,\%\;82.6\%$</TEX> respectively. Shoot tip size for successful STG were as small as possible. Less than <TEX>$0.3\;\cal{mm}$</TEX> of shoot tips gave the hight efficiency of virus free plants but survival rates were low. And, survival rate after shoot-tip culture was analyzed and the rates were dependant on the cultivars; Yuzu cultivar showed the hight survival rate (<TEX>$74.6\%$</TEX>) and early satsuma mandarin (Iwasagi) was <TEX>$13.3\%$</TEX> as the lowest cultivar. But citrus trees were not succeed to grown, turned brown, and died.