ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА rs9939609 ГЕНА FTO С КЛИНИКО-МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМИ ПАРАМЕТРАМИ У ДЕВОЧЕК С РАЗНОЙ ТОПОГРАФИЕЙ ЖИРООТЛОЖЕНИЯ: ПИЛОТНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

Abstract

Objective of the research: to assess the relationship between rs9939609 FTO carriage and clinical and metabolic parameters in adolescent girls with different types of fat deposition to identify the A allele as a possible marker of abdominal fat deposition. Materials and methods: 254 adolescent girls (14–17 years): 101 girls (39%) with a body mass index (BMI) in the range of ±1 SDS included in the control group [age 16 (15–17) years], 153 girls with SDS>1 were included in the main group [age 15 (15–16) years], including 95 (62%) girls with overweight (SDS BMI from +1,0 to +2,0) [age 15 (14,5–17) years] and 58 (37%) obese girls (SDS BMI>2) [age 15 (14–16) years]. Study design: singlecenter prospective complete open controlled. Anthropometric studies using standard methods (body weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), thigh circumference, fat fold thickness above the biceps, triceps muscles, on the chest front surface, at the scapula lower angle, in the abdomen area and mid-thigh area). Adipose tissue percentage (% of fat mass) was determined by the bioelectrical resistance method using a professional scale – a TANITATBF-410MA fat analyzer (Japan). Laboratory studies included determination of lipid spectrum (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin with calculation of the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR, and molecular genetic studies (rs9939609FTO). Results: the frequency of the A-allele rs9939609 FTO in the adolescent samples WHtR<0,5 and WHtR>0,5 (56,28%, χ2=10,66, p=0,0011) is higher than in the group of adolescents with normal weight (40,10%). Comparing the frequencies of alleles and genotypes between groups with WHtR<0,5 and WHtR>0,5 did not revealed any statistically significant differences (χ2=0,92, p=0,63; χ2=0,34, p=0,56). In carriers of the AA genotype with an abdominal type of fat deposition (WHtR>0,5) in comparison with carriers of a similar genotype of a gluteofemoral type of fat deposition (WHtR<0,5), the BMI SDS is higher (2,75±0,66 vs. 1,54±0,46, p=0,01) and HOMA-IR (6,55±8,09 vs. 2,59±1,34, p=0,04). Conclusion: the prevalence of the A allele rs9939609 FTO in the group of overweight and obese adolescent girls is higher than in the group of adolescents with normal weight. In adolescent girls, the A allele rs9939609 FTO is associated with excess fat accumulation (SDS BMI) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).