Кетпен тауындағы Виттрок рауғашының (Rheum wittrockii) биологиялық ерекшеліктері

Abstract

The article presents data on the biological characteristics of Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. on the Ketpen ridge. The aim of the study was to research the biological characteristics of the natural growth of Rh. wittrockii. Study objects are Rh. wittrockii in natural populations of the Ketpen Ridge. In June-July 2015–2017 the route-reconnaissance method of research was carried out in the northern gorges of the Ketpen ridge of the Uygur district of the Almaty region. Determination of the morphological characteristics of plant seeds was carried out according to the methodological instructions of N.L. Udolskaya (1976). Systematic monitoring of structural changes in plant organs in a large development cycle, determination of biological characteristics and structure was carried out in accordance with the instructions of A. Zhukov (2012b), Program and methodology..., (1986). The study revealed that in the gorges Ketpen Rh. wittrockii is found at altitudes above sea level (1900–3200 m). In the first year of growth, only vegetative organs develop. The development of generative shoots begins in the 2–3rd year of plant growth. The rapid growth of reproductive generative shoots is accompanied by the growth of vegetative shoots. The flowering phase lasts 7–10 days. Flowering of one individual lasts 3–5 days. The generative phase lasts 7–8 (10) years. The fruiting process lasts from midJuly to the third decade of August. The fruiting phase is 12–14 days. The growing season of the plant is 60–75 days. The seed is a triangular nutlet. Germination is underground. Sprouts have two true leaves. The underground perennial shoot system consists of a multidisciplinary caudex formed as a result of infinitely long monopodial growth due to the activity of the apical bud of the main underground shoots. Roots Rh. wittrockii are composed of basic taproots. In the underground part, tender young roots develop in the surface layer of the soil. The duration of the generative period from germination to aging is 15–16 years.