É possível evitar a transmissão vertical do HIV? Primeiro recém-nascido HIV-positivo em Curitiba após três anos: um relato de caso

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Curitiba was the first Brazilian city to eliminate HIV transmission from mother to child, a title received in December 2017, with the capital obtaining a proportion of HIV-infected children among children exposed to the virus less than 2% in three years, with only one case in 2015. The purpose of this report is to approach a case of vertical HIV transmission diagnosed in 2018 in the municipality. CASE REPORT: LEGD, male, 3 months, exposed to HIV. Negative mother for the virus in the beginning of gestation, evolving to positive test at 6 months of gestation and undetectable viral load in the ninth month. Newborn with two positive viral loads after birth, negative for other TORCHSZ. Diagnosis of HIV confirmed and initiated treatment. DISCUSSION: Pregnancy with HIV represents a risk for both the mother and the child, and it is necessary to intervene in prenatal, childbirth and puerperium to reduce the chances of vertical transmission of the virus, since the main route is labor, besides intrauterine and breastfeeding. Although all prenatal, laboratorial, therapeutic and prophylactic conducts are performed correctly, there is a possibility that 1% of vertical transference may occur. Therefore, it is essential to prepare the general practitioner about vertical transmission of HIV, to offer HIV positive pregnant women preventive measures, access to treatment and ensure the understanding of the benefits of appropriate treatment.