일본어 politeness 연구의 현황과 과제

Abstract

In this paper, I classified studies on politeness in Japanese into three types. There are those of (Ⅲ)studies which researchers applied politeness theory to Teaching Japanese as a foreign language, (Ⅱ)studies on politeness strategies in Japanese, (Ⅰ)theoretical studies on politeness. And I made a general survey of each study and presented four Tasks. In the (Ⅰ)theoretical studies on politeness, Lakoff(1973), Leech(1983), Fraser(1990), Brown&Levinson(1987) (hereafter B&L(1987)) based on Grice(1975) are introduced, are made a general survey of studies associated with the B&L(1987). (Ⅱ)studies on politeness strategies in Japanese were presented in the language behavior and specific linguistic form were introduced. An overview of the research results were shown in a variety of linguistic behavior, including specifically invitation, refusal, acceptance, request, consolation, advise. Studies that focuses on the specific linguistic form are the unfinished sentences, appellation, sentence-final form. (Ⅲ)studies which researchers applied politeness theory to Teaching Japanese as a foreign language were presented linguistic behaviors is considered to be impolite in Japan by examination of Japanese learner’s pragmatics transfer. Four future tasks are (1) the need to redefine politeness of the conceptual and analytical framework, (2) those which overcome limitations of empirical researches, (3)those which proceed briskly studies suggests specific teaching methods, (4)those which analyze comprehensively politeness in communication. If politeness strategies in Japanese are organized by accumulation of studies on politeness strategy, reorganization of B&L(1987)’s thoery and Japanese politeness theory will be organized. And studies which researchers applied politeness theory to Teaching Japanese as a foreign language will be activated.