Abstract
In recent studies, has been reported to be more harmful to human health than because it penetrates more deeply into the lung. We estimated related health benefits in Seoul from implementing the World Health Organization (WHO)`s guidelines (annual average , 24-hour average ) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)`s National Ambient Air Quality Standard (annual average , 24-hour average ). U.S. EPA`s Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program was utilized for the analysis. It was predicted that the attainment of the WHO annual guideline and U.S. EPA`s annual standard, relative to the concentration in 2006, would result in reduction of 2,333~2,895 premature deaths and 1,703~2,121 premature deaths, respectively. If the WHO and EPA`s daily standard for are attained, 1,211~1,394 and 1,012~1,165 premature deaths could be avoided, respectively. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the estimates were robust regardless of air quality simulation methods for attaining the goals. This study provides a quantitative approach to evaluate health risks from air pollution as well as to assess the potential health benefits of improving atmospheric concentration. Even considering the intrinsic limitations and uncertainties of the analysis, it is an important information to rationalize the enforcement of management policies and measures in Seoul, Korea.
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