АНАЛИЗ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО ЛЕСОВОЗОБНОВЛЕНИЯ В НАСАЖДЕНИЯХ ФИСТАШКИ ТУПОЛИСТНОЙ (PISTACIA MUTICA) В КАРАДАГСКОМ ПРИРОДНОМ ЗАПОВЕДНИКЕ

Abstract

This article discusses the state and the resumption of tree species in plantations of terebinth (Pistacia mutica) on land of the Karadag reserve. Pistacia mutica is a Mediterranean relict species of the Tertiary period, included in the Red Books of Russia, Crimea and Ukraine. Terebinth (Pistacia mutica) creates rare relict plant communities (formation P. mutica) listed in the Green Book of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of small, medium and large undergrowth in the sample areas laid in 2005–2006 and in 2017 for undergrowth damage monitoring. Counting of the number and extent of damage to young growth stands of sessile in 2005–2006 and in 2017 – have shown that the undergrowth density was 2.0 thousand units/ha and 3.5 thousand units/ha correspondently. The degree of damaged undergrowth in 2005–2006 and in 2017 was 5.0 % and 88.6 %, respectively. The number of undergrowth in plantations in 2005–2006 is 1.7 times lower than the number of undergrowth in 2017. At the same time, the density of large undergrowth in plantations in 2005–2006 is 3 times higher than the density of large undergrowth in stands in 2017. The studies noted that there is replacement of the main forest-forming specie of terebinth (Pistacia mutica) bedrock prevailing in the plantations, in the downy oak (Quercus pubescens) and oleaster pear (Pyrus eleagnifolia). In undergrowth Pistacia mutica takes 29 %, and in large undergrowth it takes about 12 %. Most of damaged species is downy oak in all categories of undergrowth and oleaster pear in young growth stands. The undergrowth of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is rare. As the number of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) grows, the pressure on the floristic complexes of the reserve increases too, due to excessive population density of this species (the her density in 2016 is 10 time higher than optimal density – 437 species on 1000 ha ). A great destruction of the undergrowth observed. Most of damaged wildlife species is downy oak in all categories of undergrowth, and oleaster pear in small undergrowth. Meanwhile, the share of affected undergrowth of terebinth increased from 2,9 to 85.0 %, the share of downy oak – from 4.8 to 93.4 %, and the share oleaster pear – from 3,3 to 96,4 %. Renewal of tree species in plantations of Pistacia mutica in the Karadag reserve should be considered unsatisfactory. P. mutica populations in Kardag reserve require ongoing monitoring and conservation.