π phase shift across stripes in a charge density wave system

Abstract

Many strongly correlated materials are characterized by deeply intertwined charge and spin order. Besides their high superconducting transition temperatures, one of the central features of these complex patterns in cuprates is a phase shift which occurs across lines of decreased hole density. That is, when doped away from their antiferromagnetic phase, the additional charge is not distributed uniformly, but rather in ``stripes.'' The sublattices preferentially occupied by up and down spin are reversed across these stripes, a phenomenon referred to as a ``$\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift.'' Many of the spin-charge patterns, including the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift, are reproduced by density matrix renormalization group and quantum Monte Carlo calculations of simplified tight binding (repulsive Hubbard) models. In this paper we demonstrate that this sublattice reversal is generic by considering the corresponding phenomenon in the attractive Hubbard Hamiltonian, where a charge density wave phase forms at half filling. We introduce charge stripes via an appropriate local chemical potential; measurements of charge correlation across the resulting lines of lowered density reveal a clear $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase.