Abstract
Odor-evoked autobiographical memory and related psychological changes have been evaluated based on several factors such as emotionality, clarity, and re-experience, but these assessments remain incomplete. We developed the Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (OEAMQ) as a new method for comprehensively evaluating the characteristics and function of olfactory autobiographical memory. Odor-evoked memories were initially evaluated using multiple items from questionnaires on general memory characteristics, as well as the results of previous studies of odor-evoked memories. We obtained seven factors of which four (retrospective interpretation, clarity, time information, and sensory experience) were consistent with the general questionnaires, and three were new factors specific for olfactory memory (future action, emotional experience, and nostalgia). To investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, we evaluated odor-evoked autobiographical memories using 21 items (three for each factor). Factor analysis verified the seven-factor structure and demonstrated it to be sufficiently reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = .91). The validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by high correlations between odor pleasantness and memory scores.
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