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The article is devoted to the generational theory of Ivan Franko. The emphasis is laid on Franko’s interpretation of literary generation, its distinctive features (opposition of generations) and its continuity, which appears in the aspects of form and technique, theme and problem scope, art and ideology, and others. In the descriptions of the literary process, starting from the 19th century, Franko often uses the term «generation», interpreting it slightly wider than a literary generation. Typically, Ukrainian intellectuals with a solid «literary power» are in the center of his attention. It testifi es to the characteristics of three fi gures who are the brightest representatives of three generations in the Ukrainian literary landscape (P. Kulish, M. Drahomanov, M. Grushevskiy), and therefore – three schools of national literature. Ivan Franko, as a critic and literary scholar, considered literary generations in the conventional chronological aspect, dividing them into decades or periods of twenty years. This is indicative in some of his works, such as «From the last decades of the 19th century», «Old and new in modern Ukrainian literature», «Old Rus», as well as in the reviews of books and almanacs that represented the authors of different literary generations. No matter how monolithic the generation was, it always had a place and a rank for each creative personality (leader, follower, master, disciple etc.). Franko singled out the people active in the generation into potential «fi ghters» (Drahomanov, Krymskyi, Konyskyi, Hrinchenko) and quiet, eventempered «artists» in the literal sense of the word (Myrnyi, Nechyi-Levytskyi, Samijlenko, Kotsjubinskyi et al.). In the article «Old and new in modern Ukrainian literature», Franko makes examples of the older (Panas Myrnyi and Karpenko-Karyi) and younger (Kotsyubinsky and Franko Stefanyk) representatives, comparing them in terms of two ways of interpreting reality, calling the fi rst ones – «the Epics», and the second ones – «the Lyrics». The generationbased approach to the study of literary phenomena employed by Ivan Franko resulted in drawing conclusions about the direction of evolutionary change in Ukrainian literature and the prospects for its further development. The evolution of literary trajectories and generational change had many intersecting points with the natural processes within the general literary progress of Franko’s theoretical concepts: he explained the development of literary trajectories through generational changes and vice versa – literary trajectories infl uenced the formation of generations. The qualitative characteristics of literary evolution (directions) and chronological constants (generation) mutually complemented each other. The study of the relations of Franko with the representatives of the youngest generation in the Ukrainian literature is a promising endeavor, where one should tactfully delineate Franko as a theorist, critic and historian of literature in order to take into account all historical and literary dimensions. Franko adequately interpreted the process of changing literary generations, its role for the advancement in literature, and particularly – in specifi c circumstances of Ukrainian national literature. Keywords: literary process, literary generation, generation, literature studies, continuity and struggle of generations, schools of national literature.

Theses on Theory and History

Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine represents a critical juncture for the role gender plays in European security. We argue that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is not only gendered in the way other conflict are, but the war's essential novelty lies in the fact that it is explicitly fought for the so-called traditional values, against gender and sexual equalities. Drawing on local decolonial insights and theoretical concepts of liberal/illiberal gender orders, we contrast the Russian neo-traditionalism with the Ukrainian account of the Russian invasion, while seeking to uncover how an imagination of Europe is constitutive for these gendered discourses. We show that the construction of the narratives is a circular process of ever more pronounced neo-traditionalism by Russia which sees Europe as its decadent Other. We demonstrate that these discourses have real consequences as the Russian illiberal gender order justifies and wages real war against Ukraine and gender is turning into the central battlefield both in the figurative and the literal sense of the word. Russian accounts contrast with Ukraine's hybridised, but increasingly emancipatory discourses and practices which have been playing a fundamental role in Ukraine's resistance to the Russian invasion.

The long-term creative collaboration between Kira Muratova and Renata Litvinova began with the film “Uvlechen’ya” (“Pastimes”, 1994), in which Litvinova took part both as an actress and a screenwriter. Since then, Litvinova has become one of the most striking personifications of Muratova’s ornamental film style, which brings about a specific regime of visibility by foregrounding the eccentric corporeality of non-professional actors, or gesturality as a category of bodily and speech performance. This article focuses on the primary scene of gestural genealogy linking the two directors: thus, the pathologist’s gesture from nurse Lilya’s monologue, written and recited by Litvinova in her inner eccentric manner in Muratova’s film, unfolds in a full-length film narration of “Rita’s Last Fairy Tale” (2012), with a phantasmagorical plot and spectacular visuals characteristic of Litvinova’s directorial style. The article addresses, on the one hand, this gesture, expressing concisely the manifold and bidirectional relation between Muratova’s and Litvinova’s films, and, on the other, discusses possible ways of theoretical conceptions of gesture in text and cinema. Gesture is conceived of as a borderline figure of speech and/or of body, aimed at an absent object, whereby the grasping function of the hand makes gestures to a figure of metalepsis which, translated into the language of cinema, emphasises the haptic character of the image. The missing object around which gesticulation arises leads to a discussion of the problematic status of gesture as a sign as well as to the disturbed process of signification during its interpretation. Since gesture only indicates and signals but does not signify, one can speak of the semiotic function of monstration. A gesture appears as a monster in the literal sense of the word, that is, the one who shows itself and, in so doing, warns. Thus, using gestures, to some extent requires adopting the position of a monster – to designate by putting oneself on the show, by making oneself the object of spectacle. Both films and the figure of Litvinova therein are viewed through the prism of monstrosity of gesture and language – it is through the disjunction between showing and speaking that gesture becomes exposed as a pure medium.

Maturation has recently been revived as a relevant, and complex, integrated theoretical concept with empirical support, particularly among offender populations. The theoretical concept evolved from an abstract, age-associated term, to a series of specific domains, including psychosocial, adult role, identity, civic, and cognitive processes. While existing research has empirically supported the interrelated nature of these domains, questions remain over whether these internal processes may be externally influenced, particularly among offenders. The current study uses the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance Study to test whether specific social bonding experiences, relating to family socialization processes and social bonds within the community, facilitate maturational growth within specific domains of the integrated maturation theory. Supplemental analyses focus on age-specific considerations of social and maturational change. The current study identifies significant within-individual variation in adult role maturation through family social processes. Findings also show consistent between-individual influences of positive family bonding stimulating domains of maturation. Social bonds with other adult figures provide no support for maturational growth. Maturational growth not only involves distinct domains influencing each other, as individuals age, but is also impacted by positive familial bonds among individuals with significant offense histories, in both adolescence and early adulthood.

Research on the Cultural Revolution focuses on agents of violence and their intentions, activities, and conflicts but pays little attention to resistance to the resulting aggression and oppression. I show that workers, rebels, Red Guards, and others served as “good Samaritans” who thwarted violence against “class enemies” and assuaged their suffering. I draw on studies of resistance and social interaction by James Scott, Michel de Certeau, Erving Goffman, and others. My analysis focuses on the first two years of the Cultural Revolution, when punishments were decentralized and haphazard. I describe four approaches of resistance—“confrontation,” “playacting,” “direct care,” and “deniable care”—based on the transparency of intention and visibility of the good Samaritan’s act. Such acts of resistance reoriented revolutionary justice from an assault on class enemies to their care and protection and served to contingently reknit social bonds as the Cultural Revolution ripped them apart.

These days, discussions of what might be the ‘essence’ or the ‘core’ of nursing and nursing practice sooner or later end in a discussion about the concept of care. Most of the ‘newer’ nursing theories use this concept as a theoretical core concept. Even though these theoretical approaches use the concept of care with very different philosophical foundations and theoretical consistency, they concur in defining care as the essence of nursing and thereby glorify goodness as the decisive characteristic of nursing. These theoretical approaches neglect the fact that nursing is above all a profession with a societal task and is characterized by an asymmetrical power relation between nurses and their patients. Based on the results of a research project that analysed the role nurses played in the killing of psychiatric patients in Germany during the Nazi regime, I demonstrate that an approach based on the concept of care is not able to explain how nurses were able to commit crimes of such atrocity. These crimes were bound to an emotional investment that sustained the production of ‘life unworthy of living’. In the case of nurses under the Nazi regime, certainly a kind of sadism was at issue that can only be explained if we recognize that the social bond is characterized by a certain tension; ‘goodness’ that caring theories assign to the social bond always coexists with the capacity for destruction. Using the Foucauldian theoretical framework of biopower and biopolitics enables one to analyse violence and power as integral parts of nurses' practice. Seen from this perspective, the killing of patients was part of a biopolitical programme and not a relapse into barbarism. The concept of care obscures the political agenda of nursing and does not provide a critical and political framework to analysing nursing practice.

In this article we look at the home as an arena for care by exploring how care robots and technological care-systems can become part of older adults’ lives. We investigate the domestication of robot technology in the context of what in Scandinavia is called “welfare technology” (relating to the terms “gerontechnology” and “Active Assisted Living,”) that especially aims to mitigate older adults´ challenges with living in their own homes. Through our case study, we investigate a system called eWare, where a flowerpot robot called “Tessa” works in symbiosis with a sensor technology “SensaraCare.” Together, they create a socio-technical ecosystem involving older adult end-users living at home, formal caregivers (e.g. healthcare workers), and informal caregivers (normally family members). We analyze our ethnographic fieldwork through the theoretical concept of “domestication of technology,” focusing on an established three-dimensional model that includes practical, symbolic, and cognitive levels of analysis. We found that social bonds and different ways of using the same technology ecosystem were crucial, and so we supplement this model by suggesting a fourth dimension, which we term the social dimension of the domestication of technology.

Foreword by Della Hughes Preface Introduction Changing Sexual Mores An Overview of Legislation and Community-Based Programming Antecedents and Current Theoretical Concepts A Study of Pregnant and Parenting Homeless and Runaway Girls Case Record Excerpts and Summaries Personal Stories Told by the Teenagers Appendices References Index

The purpose of this research was to answer the research question (RQ), which factors play a role in the sustainability of community sport programmes delivered by organisation funded through Sportivate in London? To achieve this, a case-study of Sportivate in London was adopted to measure influence on the perceptions from stakeholders on emerging themes of sustainability. Initially, sustainability factors and the implementation of sport policy were reviewed to determine the existing framework for the theoretical concepts. This research adopted critical realism ontological perspectives and retroductive reasoning to infer causal mechanisms from existing social structures defined by stratified modes of reality. With a mixed-methods approach, the main body of investigation was conducted across two studies. The first utilised a qualitative research design by conducting 33 interviews from 12 different organisations grouped as Target Achieved (TA) or Target Not Achieved (TNA) delivered Sportivate programmes in London between 2014-15. Interviewees were from TA organisations (n = 18) and TNA organisations (n = 15). Interviewing multiple staff from the same organisation allowed the investigation to explore how emerging themes of sustainability may differ across strategic or delivery-level positions within the organisation. The second study built upon the sustainability themes emerging from study 1, with the collection of 214 responses from online surveys administered to assemble quantitative data. The collected data informed the research prior to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) which was employed to investigate the reliability of sustainability themes surveyed. Subsequently, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were relayed as the final step of data analysis procedure, testing hypotheses relevant to the independent variables of organisation type, staff capacity, staff role, and length of time at organisation. Emerging themes from study 1 included the material sustainability concepts of policy remodelling, sport-for-health, delivery level staff, and revenue dependency. From these, study 2's EFA proposed splitting the revenue dependency concept into themes of funding resources at organisations and public funding dependency. Furthermore, EFA indicated that evaluation and feedback should be considered as a sustainability factor. Neither partnerships nor staff diversity, as artefactual sustainability concepts, were identified by EFA in study 2. Finally, the social concept of sustainability featured strongly after EFA, as role of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) detected a need for clear leadership. Also, the autonomy of staff was considered as a sustainability factor, however, the social reality considering social bonds and communications streams was not confirmed by EFA. Study 2 results indicated the importance of three influential factors of sustainability relating to; a sense of clear leadership and programme championing present between staff at organisation, the importance of funding for medium-sized organisations and governing bodies, and evaluation measures being necessary, but only practical for larger organisations with co-ordinators able to carry this out as a planning activity. These attitudes specifically relate to the nature of influence held by staff roles, staff capacity, and organisation type. However, the limited balance in different types of organisation types who responded to the survey suggests only staff roles and staff capacity can be held as conclusive influences on sustainability factor perceptions emerging from this study 1 and 2. Future developments suggests minimising the likelihood of error in variance for organisation type as this influence on sustainability was reviewed as an important variable affecting community intervention programmes.

The aim of this paper is to review recent hypotheses on the evolutionary origins of music in Homo sapiens, taking into account the most influential traditional hypotheses. To date, theories derived from evolution have focused primarily on the importance that music carries in solving detailed adaptive problems. The three most influential theoretical concepts have described the evolution of human music in terms of 1) sexual selection, 2) the formation of social bonds, or treated it 3) as a byproduct. According to recent proposals, traditional hypotheses are flawed or insufficient in fully explaining the complexity of music in Homo sapiens. This paper will critically discuss three traditional hypotheses of music evolution (music as an effect of sexual selection, a mechanism of social bonding, and a byproduct), as well as and two recent concepts of music evolution - music as a credible signal and Music and Social Bonding (MSB) hypothesis.

Purpose: Sustainable Finance (SF) contributes to better development and better Finance for Economic growth. Sustainable development is protecting and restoring the ecological system. SIDBI, NITI Aayog, and World Bank facilitate Sustainable Finance to encourage businesses to grow from Small Medium Enterprises to large Industries to make an enormous global impact. As per the World Bank estimate, adversely affect the standard of living of the population and climate change will reduce India’s GDP by nearly 3%. For tracking the climate protection performance of the country, the CCPI tool is used. The Key sustainable finance providers to companies and MSME’s are Banks, Corporations, International Financial Institutions, Institutional Investors, International organizations through Financial Instruments Climate Funds, Green Bonds, Impact Finance, Social bonds, Microfinance, SIDBI Sustainable Finance Scheme for funding, NABARD, and Make in India. MSMEs, and SMEs involved in the Projects Solar Power Plants, renewable energy, Green Machinery, Waste Management, Electric Vehicles (EV), Clean Energy, Recycle, Poverty alleviations, and Energy conservation, and India is committed to achieving Net Zero Emissions by 2070. During the Climate summit in Glasgow, India accepted for Five –Point climate ‘panchamrit, or pledge’ towards climate change and Climate Finance. As per the Environment ministry. India needs $280 billion for green infrastructure and the government of India proposed the creation of a Social Stock Exchange, Europe Investment Bank (EIB) with SBI. RBI has considered Green and Sustainable projects should be put under Priority Sector Lending (PSL) to support GE (Green Economy) growth and to meet the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) and ESG (Economic, Social, Environment) guidelines for fundraising. Methodology / Design /Approaches: In this article theoretical concepts are used in the analysis of various financing Mechanics for green production and Sustainable development. Findings and results: The effectiveness of sustainable finance or Climate finance required for MSME and Companies for greener production infrastructure and government of India missions on climate Change, Regular to boost the ESG to promote sustainable development and Economic growth. Originality/value: Analysed the various articles and case studies and prepared the model required for sustainable fiancé for green growth in India. Type of Paper: Research Analysis

Élever la bizarrerie à la dignité du style. Pour une éthique de l’accompagnement des patients autistes

All over the world, urban communities face several pressures such as natural hazards, climate change, and other urban challenges. Yangon, the former capital city of the developing country, Myanmar also faces poor infrastructure and limited resources, complicating efforts to reduce risk, and increasing its vulnerability to various shocks and emergencies. Especially in Yangon’s urban areas, an important aspect that seems to be lacking is maintaining the social aspect of sustainability and enhancing community resilience and participation. By approaching the conceptualizations and applying them through qualitative methods, including interviews and questionnaires, this paper explores a holistic understanding of the challenges and barriers faced by urban apartment residents in downtown Yangon, focusing on maintaining resilience and enhancing the overall well-being of their daily lives. Our findings contribute to the theoretical conceptualizations and empirical understanding of urban lifestyle by exploring descriptive analysis of how apartment residents face weak social bondings and social illness. As a result, we proposed political recommendations and highlighted the critical need to promote long-term social sustainability not only to address immediate urban challenges but also to promote their resilience against a variety of future challenges. Although the outcome of this study has focused on specific suggestions for Yangon, this paper provides original insight into effective strategies for building social bonding and resilience, aiming to impact future urban studies and inspire actionable solutions that enhance the social well-being of its population and encourage equitable development across the globe.

Food practices and their social implications are an important focus of investigation for a wide range of disciplines. In anthropology in particular the cross-cultural importance of meals or of the exchange of food and substances in creating and enduring social bonds gained attention already in Malinowski’s era and has remained a central theme of inquiry ever since. It is now widely acknowledged that food practices play an active role in the negotiation of social identities, relationships and distinctions at different social scales. In archaeology, the economic dimensions of subsistence practices have always held an interest, but food itself was not recognised as a significant analytical or theoretical concept until recently. Since the 2000s, however, there is a growing interest in the cultural and social analysis of food, accompanied by a surge of novel perspectives and methods in palaeo-botanical, zoo-archaeological, palaeo-anthropological and material culture research, including the regions in question here.