Урожайність та якість плодів інтродукованих сортів яблуні (Malus domestica Borkh.) в умовах Поділля

Abstract

The author has presented the results the yield and fruit quality of 21 introduced apple varieties of winter ripening in the conditions of Podillia. By the results of the five-year studying (2016-2020) of the studied varieties their estimation was carried out according to the complex of such qualities as early ripening, productivity, marketability, tast qualities and durability of fruits. The following introduced cultivars are difined to be the best: Graf Ezzo, Siabrina, Selena, Nadzieiny. The most early fruiting variety in the experiment was Siabrina (in the first year of growth in the orchard). At the age of two – ‘Angold’, ‘Ariwa’, ‘Beni Shogun Fuji’, ‘Graf Ezzo’, ‘Goldrush’, ‘Imant’, ‘Cameo’, ‘Nadzieiny’, ‘Rumiany Alpinist’, ‘Selena’, ‘Honeycrisp’ and control varieties Idared and Askolda began to bear fruit. At the latest (in the fourth year after planting in the garden) came into commercial fruiting plants varieties Pink Lady and Red Chief. The yield of five- nine-year old trees of the best varieties reaches 18,2-24,7 t/ha. The fastest growing yields at the age of two or six and fruiting annually trees varieties Siabrina, Selena, Angold, Ligol, Beni Shogun Fuji. The yield of the highest and first grade fruits in the best varieties Graf Ezzo, Siabrina, Selena, Nadzeiiny in 2016-2020 was 26-48 %. The lowest (19-24 %) this indicator was in the varieties Angold, Imant, Ligol, Fuji Kiku. Fruits of the best grades are more than the average sizes (Nadzieiny, Siabrina, Selena) and big (Graf Ezzo), average one-dimensionality, excellent, very harmonious sour-sweet taste (7,8-8,4 points), except for the Nadzeiiny grade (6,7 points). Apples of the best varieties were stored for 4-5 months. The fruits of control varieties Idared, Askolda and varieties Ariwa, Garant, Rubinola, Topaz, Fuji Kiku, Hillwell Braeburn were stored the longest (6-7 months).