영화 <기생충>에 나타난 집의 모티프 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the motif of the house shown in Parasite, focusing on the characteristics and values of the house of Gaston Bachelard, which are verticality, centrality, and protective value, and examine how this film uses it for class problems. First, this film vertically polarizes the secret underground space of Dong-Ik’s house and the rest of the ground space, and makes the ’irrationality of the basement’ and ’the rationality of the roof’ conflict. This vertical image that does not fit Korean culture, however, when Koreans think of their horizontal houses, not only utilizes the basement reminiscent of darkness, conspiracy, and the depths of human beings, but also expresses the seriousness of expanding polarization symbolized by the basement and the semi-underground and the difficulty of overcoming it. Therefore, it can be said that the verticality of the house in this film is class verticality. Next, in this movie, the ‘sunny garden’ of Dong-Ik’s house and the ‘toilet on the altar’ of Ki-Taek’s house are expressed as the center of the house as an intimate shelter. Unlike the former, the latter is an inadequate center in light of our traditional housing view, which considers a sunny house a good house and toilets to be unclean and to be avoided. The suggestion of the ‘toilet on the altar’, nevertheless, as the center of the semibasement house is to maximize the contrast with the garden, based on the paradox of the toilet, and to highlight as much as possible the harsh conditions with which the underground class is faced. Lastly, the fact that Ki-Taek’s semibasement house does not have a protective value unlike Dong-Ik’s house is revealed through ‘submergence’ which is the biggest disaster of the semibasement house, and through ’smell’ caused by moisture, poor lighting and mold. Floods caused by heavy rains engulf even humble shelters, threatening the survival of the underground people, and smells become a stigma to discriminate against their class. Parasite reveals the roots of serious class problems in our society by using various images of the house.