Древнетюркское könül, башкирское күңел ‘сердце’: этимологические связи одного соматизма

Abstract

The article is devoted to showing various etymological connections of the Turkic names of the heart (somatism) as part of the anatomical vocabulary of the Turkic and Altaic languages in the context of the nostratic macrofamily. Somatisms as a lexico-semantic group belongs to the oldest layer of vocabulary, in which, on the one hand, the features of categorization and conceptualization of the world in the human mind are manifested clearly, on the other hand, the historical stability of the semantics of words and their phonomorphological appearance is demonstrated. Based on the methodology of comparative reconstruction of proto-forms, the article reveals the etymology of the word köηül, gives its direct and figurative meanings in the Proto-Turkic language. The root proto- form of somatism, according to the author, goes back not to the substantive, but to the verbal basis of көң – “wait”. Also significant in the article is the identification of semantic parallels of somatism in the ancient Turkic and Bashkir languages, the definition of direct and figurative meanings of köηül from syntagmatic connections in phraseological combinations and derived words. In addition, the author establishes historical links between könül and other Turkic somatisms, as well as with lexemes denoting kinship relations. It is important in the article to identify on the basis of this somatism the semantic connections of the Turkic languages, in particular, the Altai family of languages, as a whole with other languages of the world, which confirms the verification of the nostratic theory of languages. A more thorough examination and search for probable isoglosses gives a picture of a very wide distribution of single-root words with the base *QVN / KVN also within the (hypothetical) superfamilies of Indo-European, Sino-Caucasian, Austric and Amerindian languages.